Project Description
Morphine
capsules 40 mg – Solutio Morphini hydrochloride 1% et 5% pro injectionibus
international nonproprietary name
Morphine
Ref
BP-0085
Pharmacotherapeutic group
1 ml of solution for injections contains 10 mg or 50 mg of morphine.
Composition of the preparation
Pharmacodynamics Morphine is a basic representative of narcotic analgesic group, it is remarkable for its powerful analgetic effect. It has an antishock action at injuries and inhibitory action to conditioned reflexes, settles summational ability of central nervous system, enhances effect of narcotic, somnific and local anaesthetic drugs. It settles excitability of cough centre. Pharmacokinetics The preparation is rapidly absorbed in blood by any method of introduction. It easily passes barriers including hematoencephalic, placental ones. It is metabolized forming mainly glucoronides and sulfates. It is excreted by kidneys, in minor quantities it is excreted by endocrine glands.
Pharmacological action
Morphine is used as an analgetic drug at injuries and different diseases accompanied with powerful sensation of pain (malignant neoplasms, myocardial infarction and etc.), while preparing of patient for surgery and during postoperative period, at insomnia caused by severe pains, sometimes at powerful cough, dyspnea stipulated by acute cardiac decompensation. Sometimes Morphine is used in radiological practice during examination of stomach, duodenum, gallbladder. Morphine introduction increases muscular tonus of stomach, enhances its peristalsis, accelerates gastric evacuation and cases dilatation of duodenum by contrast substance. It promotes to reveal gastric ulcer and tumor of stomach, ulcer of duodenum. Contraction of Oddi’s sphincter muscle caused by Morphine creates favorable conditions for radiological exploration of gallbladder.
Indications
When passing through placental barrier it may cause depression of fetus respiratory centre and that’s why it is not used for labor pain relief.
Special indication
When passing through placental barrier it may cause depression of fetus respiratory centre and that’s why it is not used for labor pain relief.
Special warning
Not established
Dosage and method of administration
Morphine is prescribed for subcutaneous introduction (for adults usually 1ml of 1% solution). For children over 2 years Morphine is prescribed depending on their age in 0.001-0.005 g per dose. For children under 2 years morphine is not prescribed. Maximum dose for adults (intake and subcutaneous infusion): single dose – 0.02 g, daily dose – 0.05 g. Patients suffering acute and chronic pains Morphine is introduced peridurally ( with observance of the required precautions at this method of introduction) with 0.2-0.3-0.5 ml of 1% solution of Morphine in 10 ml of isotonic solution of sodium chloride. The effect declares itself in 10-15 minutes; in 1-2 hours their analgesic effect is most evident and preserves within 8-12 and more hours.
Overdosage
Symptoms: the earliest and the most dangerous manifestation is depression of respiratory center. Treatment: General resuscitation measures. Prescription of antagonists and agonists-antagonists of opioid receptors ( first of all – of naloxone).
Safety measures
Patients of old age are prescribed Morphine with care.
Side effects
Not established
Contraindications
Apparent extreme emaciation, respiratory failure, infancy under 2 years.
Interactions with other medicinal preparations
Morphine prolongs and enhances effect of drugs, causing depression of central nervous system.
Not established
1% solution for injections in ampuls containing 1 ml. 10 ampuls in boxes.